{"id":2276,"date":"2016-08-06T14:56:27","date_gmt":"2016-08-06T06:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.rchss.sinica.edu.tw\/wwchu\/?p=2276"},"modified":"2016-08-06T14:57:09","modified_gmt":"2016-08-06T06:57:09","slug":"07-10%e7%a0%94%e8%ae%a8%e4%bc%9a%e7%ba%aa%e8%a6%81%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%86%9c%e4%b8%9a%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e8%bd%ac%e5%9e%8b%e4%b8%8e%e5%86%9c%e4%b8%9a%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.rchss.sinica.edu.tw\/wwchu\/?p=2276","title":{"rendered":"[07.10]\u5289\u5b88\u82f1\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u519c\u4e1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

2016-08-03 \u6d2a\u8303\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e
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\n\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6751\u91cc\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u6751\u5e84\u540e\u7ed9\u4e61\u6751\u793e\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u91cd\u70b9\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\u6751\u793e\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6751\u793e\u5236\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u8d70\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u4f7f\u519c\u4e1a\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u4e86\u600e\u6837\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\u4e09\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e61\u6751\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u8f6c\u578b\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u96cf\u5f62\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u6ce8\uff1f\u4e3a\u4e86\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u524d\u9762\u5c31\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u4ee5\u793c\u6cbb\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n1\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u957f\u671f\u538b\u529b\u3002\u7ae0\u6709\u4e49\u5c31\u8bb2\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8015\u5730\u662f\u6784\u6210\u56fd\u60c5\u3001\u56fd\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5236\u7ea6\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e7\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u53d7\u4eba\u53e3\u5236\u7ea6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8b\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b8b\u4ee3\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff0c\u5b8b\u521d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u662f5500\u4e07\uff0c\u5b8b\u672b\u8fc7\u4ebf\uff0c14\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u5230\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd15-6\u500d\uff0c\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u768450\u5e74\u4ee3\u53c8\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd150%\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u662f\u4e24\u5f20\u56fe\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u66f9\u6811\u57fa\u7b49\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u53f2\u300b\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662fMadddison\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8b\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ef\u8015\u5730\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u540e\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u660e\u4ee3\u524d\u671f\u5230\u6c11\u56fd\u8fd1600\u5e74\u7684\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\uff0c\u8015\u5730\u603b\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u7ea61\u500d\uff0c\u540c\u671f\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u8fd16\u500d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u627f\u8f7d\u4eba\u53e3\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u52301952\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5206\u522b\u536087%\u548c84%\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Perkins\u8bb2\uff0c\u201c\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb9\u6613\u8015\u4f5c\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u8fd1\u7528\u5c3d\u201d\u3002
\n\u56fe2<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u51e0\u5f20\u56fe\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u8015\u5730\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u4eba\u5747\u8015\u5730\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f1391-1930\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5747\u8015\u5730\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u9762\u4e34\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002
\n\u56fe3<\/p>\n

\u56fe4<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\n\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u79cd\u6307\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6539\u8fdb\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u4ed8\u6162\u6162\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u9ad8\u4f30\uff0c\u800c\u5355\u4ea7\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u201d\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\u5173\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe5\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5728\u6280\u672f\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u571f\u5730\u5f00\u57a6\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u8981\u7740\u91cd\u53bb\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff1a
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\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u519c\u573a\u548c\u79df\u4f43\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u519c\u573a\uff0c\u81ea\u6c49\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e00\u6237\u7684\u5c0f\u519c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u660e\u6e05\u4ee5\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f30%\u7684\u65e0\u5730\u6237\u548c 70%\u7684\u5730\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5730\u4e3b\u51fa\u79df\u571f\u5730\u5360\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u3002\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u5730\u4e3b\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u53ea\u5360\u4ed6\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u76842.5%-5%\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5730\u4e3b\u62e5\u6709\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u9760\u4f43\u6743\u7684\u6c38\u4f43\u3002\u4f43\u6743\u6c38\u4f43\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a(1).\u5f88\u5c11\u66f4\u6362\u4f43\u6237\uff0c\u4f43\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4f43\u6743\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f43\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002(2).\u79df\u7ea6\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b9e\u7269\u79df\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d27\u5e01\u79df\u3001\u5206\u6210\u79df\u3002\u9760\u79df\u7ea6\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f43\u6237\u957f\u671f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u8fdb\u884c\u571f\u5730\u767b\u8bb0\u548c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u897f\u5468\u9752\u94dc\u5668\u5f5d\u5668\u94ed\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u571f\u7530\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u7a3d\uff1b\u6625\u79cb\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9c81\u3001\u695a\u3001\u90d1\u4e09\u56fd\u5148\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u7530\u8d4b\u548c\u571f\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\uff1b\u5510\u4e2d\u53f6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b8b\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u7c4d\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0e\u6237\u7c4d\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u660e\u4ee3\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e05\u4e08\uff0c\u9c7c\u9cde\u56fe\u518c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f81\u6d3e\u8d4b\u5f79\u548c\u5730\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u6211\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u9c7c\u9cde\u56fe\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4ece\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6765\u8bb2\uff0cPerkins\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u516d\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u95f4\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u8981\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u8015\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u5219\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5355\u4ea7\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53eb\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u589e\u957f\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u5355\u4f4d\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u5165\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u957f\u4e09\u89d2\u7b49\u5730\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d70\u5411\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u201c\u519c\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u5bc6\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5377\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u6211\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u5b8b\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u4e03\u5c4a\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ece\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5411\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u8f6c\u53d8\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5012\u5411\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u548c\u538b\u529b\u52a0\u5927\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u662f\u5145\u5f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u519c\u4e1a\u5269\u4f59\u548c\u4f4e\u4ef7\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u57ce\u5e02\u4f4e\u4ef7\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u201c\u7edf\u8d2d\u7edf\u9500\u201d\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f4e\u4ef7\u7684\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u6751\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9020\u4e0e\u4e61\u571f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u518d\u9020\u3002(1).\u571f\u6539\u548c\u519c\u6751\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u675c\u8001\u7684\u300a\u675c\u6da6\u751f\u81ea\u8ff0\u300b\u3002\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u571f\u6539\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002(2).\u519c\u4e1a\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u793e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u884c\u653f\u5316\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u8bb2\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u5236\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u6751\u4e00\u7ea7\u3002(3).\u5305\u4ea7\u5230\u6237\u6539\u9769\u540e\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u6cbb\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u3002
\n\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u571f\u5730\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u519c\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u98df\u7269\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5269\u4f59\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d41\u52a8\u6295\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b63\u711c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7eff\u8272\u6587\u660e\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u519c\u836f\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u590d\u79cd\u6307\u6570\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u56fe7<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u662f\u9760\u571f\u5730\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6765\u652f\u6491\u7cae\u98df\u7684\u589e\u4ea7\u30021952\u5e74-1978\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u4e2a\u7cae\u98df\u64ad\u79cd\u9762\u79ef\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u7cae\u98df\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u5927\u7ea6\u589e\u957f\u4e8686%\uff0c\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f\u73872.5%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u5355\u4ea7\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u603b\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e45\u5ea6\u7ea690%\uff0c\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f2.8%\u3002\u7cae\u98df\u5355\u4ea7\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u751f\u4ea7\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6(1.9%) \u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u519c\u6c11\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u57ce\u5e02\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u4ece1952\u5e74-1978\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u519c\u6751\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u91cf\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u603b\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b1952\u5e74\u662f83.5%\uff0c\u52301979\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4ecd\u7136\u9ad8\u523072.5%\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe9\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u88ab\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0b\u56fe12<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u6237\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe19\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u519c\u6237\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u571f\u5730\u89c4\u6a21\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u5728\u62c9\u5927\u7684\uff0c2012\u5e74\uff0c\u7eaf\u519c\u6237\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u623717.59\u4ea9\uff0c\u4e00\u517c\u623710.68\u4ea9\uff0c\u4e8c\u517c\u62374.93\u4ea9\uff0c\u975e\u519c\u62370.81\u4ea9\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u519c\u6237\u52a0\u603b\u6237\u5747\u662f8.32\u4ea9\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u519c\u6237\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u5728\u62c9\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u73b0\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c10\u4ea9\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u519c\u6237\u662f\u6700\u591a\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u59822013\u5e7410\u4ea9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u519c\u6237\u536085.96%\uff0c10-30\u4ea9\u7684\u519c\u6237\u536010.28%\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u519c\u6237\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u5c0f\u519c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5927\u519c\u6237\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u59822013\u5e74\uff0c100-200\u4ea9\u7684\u519c\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e8662.9\u4e07\u6237\uff0c200\u4ea9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e8628.9\u4e07\u6237\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u91cf\u3001\u4ece\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u6bd4\u91cd\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u519c\u6237\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6982\u5ff5\u91cc\u9762\u4e00\u76f4\u8bb2\u519c\u6237\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u8015\u5730\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u57282014\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u91cc\u9762\u519c\u6237\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u53ea\u670958%\uff0c\u800c\u6d41\u5230\u4e13\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u523021.8%\uff0c\u6d41\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u52309.68%\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4f53\u5c06\u8fd110.17%\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u591a\u5143\u5316\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u519c\u6237\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe21\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516b\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5de5\u91cf\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u6295\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe22\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u7528\u5de5\u6210\u672c\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5927\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u5de5\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7269\u50cf\u7a3b\u8c37\u3001\u5c0f\u9ea6\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u3001\u5927\u8c46\u3001\u6cb9\u6599\u3001\u68c9\u82b1\u7b49\u7528\u5de5\u91cf\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea9\u5747\u7528\u5de5\u91cf\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5927\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe23\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u7528\u5de5\u8ddf\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u5c31\u662f\u8ddf\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u5de5\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u52a0\u5267\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u51cf\u5c11\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u7528\u5de5\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u6295\u5165\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5927\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u519c\u4e1a\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u4ece2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe24\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u91cc\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u519c\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5267\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe25\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u519c\u6237\u5f00\u59cb\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e1c\u90e8\u4e2d\u90e8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7528\u4e866\u4e07\u519c\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002\u519c\u6237\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6295\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002
\n\u4e0b\u56fe26<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\uff08\u89c1\u4e0a\u56fe\uff09\uff0c2013\u5e74\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u91cc\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5927\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u7f13\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u6295\u5165\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5411\u4ee5\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u5165\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u6295\u5165\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u578b\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6295\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5feb\u4e8e\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u7740\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c406\u4e07\u519c\u62372003\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u5143\/\u4ea9\uff09\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe27\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u5143\/\u6708\uff09\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe28\uff09\uff1a2003\u5e74-2012\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u519c\u6237\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e4b\u5927\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u4e1aTFP\u6c34\u5e73\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u56fe29\uff09\uff1a\u4ece2003\u5e74-2012\u5e74\uff0c2003\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e73\u5747\u662f8.08\uff0c\u52302012\u5e74\u65f6\u662f8.59\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6751\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5de8\u53d8\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u770b\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f\u4ece\u6307\u6807\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u4efd\u989d\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u518d\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\uff1f
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6751\u5e84\u56e0\u4eba\u53e3\u5916\u6d41\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u519c\u6237\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5747\u52bf\u7684\u519c\u6237\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u5316\u7684\u519c\u6237\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u6240\u6709\u3001\u519c\u6237\u627f\u5305\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6d41\u8f6c\u548c\u79df\u8d41\u5f0f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u6237\u7ecf\u8425\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u519c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u519c\u548c\u5927\u519c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u683c\u5c40\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e94\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u6700\u521d\u7684\u7eaf\u519c\u6237\u5411\u591a\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u4e3b\u4f53\u8f6c\u6362\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u6295\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4eba\u8d70\u5e26\u6765\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u6574\u4e2a\u519c\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u662f\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u589e\u957f\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4ece2003\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u6574\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u884c\u4e1a\u771f\u6b63\u8d70\u5411\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d44\u672c\u6295\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u903c\u8fd1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n\u4e0b\u56fe32<\/p>\n

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